CLASS V // TWAU // NINETH CHAPTER // 

Topic-  Rhythms of Nature 

SUMMARY NOTE:-

Change is a Part of Life

·      Everything around us keeps changing.

·      Some changes happen slowly (growth of trees, changes in landforms).

·      Some changes happen quickly (day to night, weather changes).

·      Humans, plants, animals, and surroundings all change with time.

Changes Around Us in a Day (Day and Night)

·      Day and night happen due to the rotation of the Earth.

·      The Earth rotates on its axis once in about 24 hours.

·      The side of the Earth facing the Sun has day, while the other side has night.

·      The Sun does not move around the Earth; it appears so because the Earth rotates.

The Globe – Model of the Earth :-

• A globe is a round model of the Earth.
• Blue parts show seas and oceans (about three-fourths of the Earth).
• Land areas show continents and countries.
• When it is daytime in India, countries on the opposite side of the Earth experience night.

 Changes Around Us in a Year (Seasons):-

·      Nature changes throughout the year in a repeated pattern called seasons.

·      These changes affect:

Plants (flowers, fruits, leaves), Animals and birds, Weather (heat, cold, rain), Water bodies, Human activities (food, clothes, festivals).

·      This repeating pattern is known as natural rhythm.

Regional Differences in Seasons :-

• Seasons are not the same everywhere in India.

Example:   Winter in Kashmir is very cold, but mild in Kerala.

                    Monsoon is heavy in Assam but less in Rajasthan.

• This happens due to differences in location, climate, mountains, and distance from the sea.

Seasons in India:-

·      India experiences six seasons, each lasting a few months:

·      Spring (Vasanta), Summer(Grishma), Monsoon (Varsha), Autumn(Sharad), Pre-winter (Hemant), Winter (Shishir).

·      Each season brings changes in weather, crops, clothes, food, and festivals.

Seasons and Human Life:-

·      Seasons influence:

Crops grown by farmers, Food habits, Clothing, Festivals (Pongal, Holi, Diwali, Baisakhi, etc.), Songs, traditions, and daily activities.

·      Thus, seasons give rhythm to our lives.

 Importance of Seasons:-

Seasons teach us that change is natural and necessary.

•        Life moves in cycles, just like seasons.

•        By observing nature, we learn to respect and care for the Earth.

Important points:-

Ø India celebrates over 1,000 festivals throughout the year, making it one of the most festive countries.

Ø Dong in Arunachal Pradesh is known as India’s ‘First Village of the Sunrise’. It is the very first place where the sun’s rays touch Indian land each morning.

Ø In Odisha, when the koel (cuckoo) bird sings, farmers know the rains are coming. That is when they start planting seeds.

Ø During the monsoon, snakes come out of flooded burrows—this is why Nag Panchami is celebrated to show respect to nature and reptiles.

Ø India hosts both the wettest place on Earth — Mawsynram in Meghalaya—and one of the driest — the Thar Desert.

Ø When you see ants carrying eggs to higher ground, it is a natural sign that rain is coming soon.

A. FILL IN THE BLANKS:-

a)   Day and night happen because the Earth ________ on its axis.
Ans: rotates

b)   The Earth takes about ________ hours to complete one rotation.
Ans: 24

c)    The side of the Earth facing the Sun experiences ________.
Ans: day

d)   The side of the Earth away from the Sun experiences ________.
Ans: night

e)   A ________ is a model of the Earth.
Ans: globe

f)     The blue part of the globe shows ________ and oceans.
Ans: seas

g)   Oceans cover about ________ part of the Earth’s surface.
Ans: three-fourths

h)   The repeating pattern of change in nature is called a natural ________.
Ans: rhythm

i)      India experiences ________ main seasons in a year.
Ans: six

j)     The summer season is called ________ in India.
Ans: Grishma

k)    The rainy season is known as the ________ season.
Ans: Varsha

l)      The winter season is called ________.
Ans: Shishir

B. Column Matching :-

Column A	Column B
1. Kashmir	a. Mild winter
2. Kerala	b. Very cold winter
3. Assam	c. Heavy rainfall
4. Rajasthan	d. Less rainfall

Correct Matching:
1–b, 2–a, 3–c, 4–d

 

C. Complete this analogy:-

1.    Day : Night :: Summer : ______ Ans: Winter 2.    Earth : Rotation :: Seasons : ______ Ans: Revolution 3.    Varsha : Monsoon :: Grishma : ______ Ans: Summer 4.    Shishir : Winter :: Vasanta : ______ Ans: Spring 5.    Rain : Monsoon :: Heat : ______ Ans: Summer 6.    Leaves fall : Autumn :: Flowers bloom : ______ Ans: Spring

D.  Write 'T' for True and 'F' for False statements:-

1.    Changes happen only to living things.
Ans: ❌ False

2.    Day and night are caused by the movement of the Sun around the Earth.
Ans: ❌ False

3.    Day and night occur because the Earth rotates on its axis.
Ans: ✅ True

4.    The Earth takes about 24 hours to complete one rotation.
Ans: ✅ True

5.    When one side of the Earth has day, the other side has night.
Ans: ✅ True

6.    A globe is a flat map of the Earth.
Ans: ❌ False

7.    Oceans cover about three-fourths of the Earth’s surface.
Ans: ✅ True

8.    India has only four seasons.
Ans: ❌ False

9.    The rainy season in India is called Varsha.
Ans: ✅ True

10.                   Winter is the same in all parts of India.
Ans: ❌ False

E. Differentiate:-

1️⃣ Day and Night

Day	Night
Occurs when a place faces the Sun	Occurs when a place faces away from the Sun
There is sunlight	There is no sunlight
Activities are usually done	People usually rest or sleep

2️⃣ Rotation and Revolution

Rotation	Revolution
Spinning of the Earth on its axis	Movement of the Earth around the Sun
Causes day and night	Causes seasons
Takes about 24 hours	Takes about one year

3️⃣ Sea and Ocean

Sea	Ocean
Smaller water body	Very large water body
Partly enclosed by land	Vast and open
Shallower than oceans	Deeper than seas

4️⃣ Quick Changes and Slow Changes

Quick Changes	Slow Changes
Happen in minutes or seconds	Take years to happen
Example: day to night	Example: growth of a tree
Easy to notice immediately	Not noticed quickly

5️⃣ Summer and Winter

Summer	Winter
Weather is hot	Weather is cold
People wear light clothes	People wear woollen clothes
Days are longer	Nights are longer

6️⃣ Monsoon and Summer

Monsoon	Summer
Season of rainfall	Season of high heat
Crops need more water	Crops need less water
Rivers and ponds fill up	Water bodies may dry up

7️⃣ Seasons in Kerala and Kashmir

Kerala	Kashmir
Winters are mild	Winters are very cold
Coastal climate	Mountain climate
Less snowfall	Heavy snowfall

8️⃣ Globe and Map

Globe	Map
Round model of the Earth	Flat drawing of the Earth
Shows Earth in real shape	Shape may not be exact
Easy to understand rotation	Easy to carry

 F. Very Short Answer Questions

1.   What causes day and night?
Ans: Rotation of the Earth.

2.   How long does the Earth take to rotate once?
Ans: About 24 hours.

3.   What is a globe?
Ans: A model of the Earth.

4.   Which colour on the globe shows water bodies?
Ans: Blue.

5.   What do we call changes that repeat every year?
Ans: Seasons.

6.   How many seasons are there in India?
Ans: Six.

7.   What is the summer season called in India?
Ans: Grishma.

8.   What is the rainy season called in India?
Ans: Varsha.

9.   What is the winter season called in India?
Ans: Shishir.

10.        What is the repeating pattern of change in nature called?
Ans: Natural rhythm.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

G. Short Answer Questions

1️⃣ What changes do we notice in ourselves as we grow?

Ans: As we grow, our height increases, our appearance changes, we learn new skills, and our habits and interests also change.

2️⃣ Why do we say that change is a part of life?

Ans: We say change is a part of life because everything around us—people, plants, animals, and nature—keeps changing with time.

 3️⃣ Explain how day and night occur.

Ans: Day and night occur due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis. The side facing the Sun has day, while the opposite side has night.

4️⃣ What is the role of the Sun in day and night?

Ans: The Sun gives light to the Earth. As the Earth rotates, different parts receive sunlight, causing day and night.

5️⃣ What is a globe? Why is it useful?

Ans: A globe is a round model of the Earth. It is useful because it shows the real shape of the Earth and helps us understand day and night.

6️⃣ What are seasons?

Ans: Seasons are changes in weather and nature that repeat every year in a fixed pattern.

7️⃣ Name the six seasons of India.

Ans: Vasanta (Spring), Grishma (Summer), Varsha (Monsoon), Sharad (Autumn), Hemant (Pre-winter), and Shishir (Winter).

8️⃣How are festivals connected with seasons?

Ans:
Many festivals are celebrated in specific seasons and are related to harvest, weather, and crops.

1️⃣1️⃣ What is meant by natural rhythm?

Ans: Natural rhythm means the regular and repeating pattern of changes in nature, such as day and night and seasons.

 

 

 

H. Long Answer Questions

1️⃣Describe how day and night are caused.

Ans: Day and night are caused by the rotation of the Earth on its axis. The Earth takes about 24 hours to complete one rotation. The side of the Earth that faces the Sun receives sunlight and experiences day. At the same time, the side that faces away from the Sun experiences night. The Sun does not move around the Earth; it only appears so because the Earth is rotating.

3️⃣ What is a globe? Explain its importance.

Ans: A globe is a round model of the Earth. It shows the Earth’s shape just like it is in reality. The blue colour on the globe shows seas and oceans, while the other colours show land areas and countries. A globe helps us understand the position of continents, oceans, countries, and also helps in understanding day and night easily.

4️⃣ What are seasons? How do they form a natural rhythm?

Ans: Seasons are changes in weather and nature that repeat every year in a fixed pattern. These changes include temperature, rainfall, plant growth, and animal behaviour. Since these changes occur again and again every year in the same order, they form a natural rhythm. This rhythm helps living beings prepare for different conditions throughout the year.

5️⃣ Describe the six seasons of India.

Ans: India experiences six seasons:

• Vasanta (Spring): Pleasant weather, flowers bloom.
• Grishma (Summer): Hot weather, people wear light clothes.
• Varsha (Monsoon): Rainfall occurs, crops grow well.
• Sharad (Autumn): Weather becomes clear and cool.
• Hemant (Pre-winter): Slight cold begins.
• Shishir (Winter): Cold weather, people wear woollen clothes.
  Each season brings different changes in nature and human life.

I. Application/Thinking Questions

1️⃣ Why do farmers wait for a particular season before sowing crops?

Ans: Farmers wait for a particular season because crops need specific weather conditions like rainfall, temperature, and sunlight. For example, many crops are sown during the monsoon as they need more water to grow properly.

2️⃣ If the Earth stopped rotating, what would happen?

Ans: If the Earth stopped rotating, one side would always have day and the other side would always have night. This would make life difficult because temperature would become extremely hot on one side and very cold on the other.

3️⃣ Why do people change their clothes according to seasons?

Ans: People change clothes to stay comfortable in different weather conditions. Light cotton clothes are worn in summer to stay cool, while woollen clothes are worn in winter to keep the body warm.

4️⃣If there were no seasons, how would human life be affected?

Ans: Without seasons, farming would be difficult, food availability would reduce, and many festivals and traditions would disappear. Seasons help maintain balance in nature and human life.

 7️⃣ Why is winter different in Kashmir and Kerala?

Ans: Winter is different because Kashmir is located in the mountains, making it very cold, while Kerala is near the sea, which keeps the climate mild. Location and geography affect seasons.

8️⃣ How does seasons’ journaling help students?

Ans: Seasons’ journaling helps students observe nature closely, record changes, and understand patterns over time. It improves awareness, thinking skills, and love for the environment.

9️⃣ Why should humans respect natural rhythms?

Ans: Humans should respect natural rhythms because disturbing them can harm plants, animals, and climate. Living in harmony with nature ensures a healthy Earth for future generations.

🔟 What lesson does the chapter Rhythms of Nature teach us?

Ans: The chapter teaches us that change is natural and life moves in cycles. It helps us understand our connection with nature and our responsibility to care for the Earth.

HOMEWORK :-

1. Make a comparative drawing of the three seasons:
☀️ Summer  🌧️ Monsoon  ❄️ Winter
(Label at least 3 features in each drawing.)

 2. Fill the table based on your experience:

Season	Food you eat	Clothes you wear	One festival
Summer
Monsoon
Winter

            Clean Environment, Green Environment.