GOING TO SCHOOL
CLASS IV // EVS // 1st CHAPTER
SUMMARY NOTE:-
Landforms :-
- Landforms are the natural shapes or features of the earth.
- Landforms include mountains, valleys, plateaus, canyons, plains and islands.
- A plain is a flat area on earth’s surface.
- A plateau is a flat area higher than the land around it.
- A mountain is a place on earth’s surface that is much higher than the land around it.
- A valley is a low land area between higher lands such as mountains.
Bridge :-
- Bridge is a structure which connects two places.
- Bridge is a structure designed to provide continuous passage over an obstacle.
- Bridges commonly carry highways, railroad lines, and pathways over obstacles such as waterways, deep valleys, and other transportation routes.
- Bridges may also carry water, support power cables, or house telecommunications lines.
Types of bridges :-
- There are basically seven common bridge designs.
- Those are Beam, Cantilever, Arch, Tied-Arch, Truss, Suspension, Movable and Cable-Stayed Bridge.
- Beam bridges typically span the shortest distances. Suspension and cable-stayed bridges span the greatest distances.
Bamboo Bridge:-
- Bamboo bridges are built temporarily in places like Assam where it rains heavily.
- In such places, after it rains there is knee-high water everywhere.
- In Assam, children often cross these bridges while going to school.
- They hold their books in one hand and bamboo with the other hand.
- They quickly cross the bamboo and rope bridge to reach school.
Rope Bridge:-
- A rope bridge is used to cross the mountains.
- These are found in Jammu Kashmir, Ladakh etc.
Cement bridge:-
- These are made of cement, bricks and iron rods.
- A cement bridge is built over railway lines, rivers, roads etc.
- These bridges may also have steps.
- These are used to go across water bodies.
Trolley:-
- A trolley is used to cross wide and deep rivers where it is difficult to build bridges, like in Ladakh.
- Trolley is an open box made of wood attached with the iron rope.
- On both the sides the iron rope is tied tightly with strong trees or rocks.
- A pulley helps the trolley to move across the rope. Pulley Is a type of instrument which helps to pull something easily.
- Four or five children can sit in the trolley.
- We reach the other side of the river in a short time.
Vallam:-
- In South India (Kerela), vallam is a small wooden boat used to cross the river.
- Children often use vallam to reach their school.
- These are used to go across water bodies.
Camel cart:-
- In Rajasthan, children live in desert and there is sand all around.
- It gets very hot in the day. They ride in a camel cart to reach school.
- Camel cart is the only transport used in desert areas.
- Camel is called as the ship of the desert.
Bullock cart:-
- Villages are located in plain areas.
- In villages we can see bullock carts going slowly through the green fields.
- If it is too sunny or rainy, children use umbrellas.
- Some bullock carts have roof.
Bicycles:-
- Children ride bicycles on the long road to school.
- At first, girls were not coming to school using bicycles, because it was too far.
- But now they are coming in groups of 7-8 girls easily riding the bicycles even through the difficult roads.
Jugad:-
- In Gujarat children go to school on a special transport called jugad.
- It sounds phut-phut-phut when it runs.
- The front looks like a motorcycle but the carriage at the back is made out of planks of wood.
- The jugad has been made by using waste material.
Rocky path:-
- In Uttarakhand, children live in mountains.
- Paths are rocky and uneven.
- The children who live in the plains will find it difficult to walk on these.
- But children live there walk easily and reach their schools.
- These paths are crossed by walking.
Jungle path:-
- At some places children have to cross jungle to reach their school.
- At some places, it is so thick that even sunlight does not pass through.
- It is also very silent there, you can only hear the sounds of different birds and other creatures.
- Children in Jharkhand, cross jungle path to reach their schools.
Snow path:-
- Some places like Northern hill areas are covered with snow most of the times.
- Children go to the school by holding their hands and walking carefully. They go to school through miles of snow.
- They also use sledges to cross the area.
A. FILL IN THE BLANKS:-
1. A pulley helps a trolley to move across the rope.
2. Desert are covered with sand.
3. One may slip and fall on frozen snow.
4. Sunlight does not pass through very thick forest.
5. Cement, iron rods, bricks are used to make Cement bridge.
6. A vallam is used to reach school in some parts of Kerala.
7. In parts of Assam, children reach school by crossing over bamboo bridges.
8. Children in the mountains of Uttarakhand reach school by going on rocky path.
9. In Rajasthan, children use a camel cart to reach school.
10. Sunlight does not pass through thick jungle.
11. A jugad is a vehicle used in rural areas, made by putting together parts from other vehicles or machines.
12. A pulley makes drawing of water from well easier.
13. A cement bridge is stronger than a bamboo bridge.
14. A bridge helps us to cross over canyons, hills, velleys and waterbodies.
15. The Howrah bridge in Kolkata is the busiest bridge in the world.
16. A horse carriage is called a tonga.
B. Match the type of bridge in Column A with the material it is made of in Column B by drawing arrows :-
Column A Column B
(i) Trolley (a) Wood and iron rope
(ii) Bamboo bridge (b)
(iii) Cement bridge (c)
(iv) Iron bridge (d) Iron
C. Complete this analogy:-
- i. Camel : camel cart :: horse : Tonga
- ii. Cement bridge : strong :: bamboo bridge : not strong
- iii. Ropeway : mountains :: boat : river
- iv. Desert : camel cart :: plains : bullock-cart
- v. Camel : Camel cart :: bullock : Bullock cart
- vi. Bamboo bridge : weak/not strong :: Cement bridge: Strong
- vii. Rope bridge : Jammu-Kashmir/ Ladakh :: Vallam : Kerala
- viii. Snow path : Kashmir :: Rocky path : Uttarakhand
D. Write the places or states where the following are used to travel:-
(i) Jugad ..................................................Gujarat
(ii) Camel cart ......................................... Rajasthan
(iii) Bamboo bridge ................................. Assam
(iv) Vallam ...............................................Kerala
(v) Rope Bridge ....................................... Jammu-Kashmir, Ladakh
E. GUESS THE NAMES OF THE PLACES :-
a) Rains heavily - Assam
b) Camel carts are used -Rajasthan
c) Paths are rocky and uneven- Uttarakhand
d) Small boats are used - Kerela
e) Our feet sink into it- Northern Hills
f) Strong iron ropes is used to cross the river- Ladakh
g) The state in which children walk through jungles – Jharkhand
h) The state in which children walk through rocky paths – Uttarakhand
i) The state in which trolley is used by children to reach the school - Ladakh
j) The state in which children use jugad to reach the school - Gujarat
k) The state in which bamboo bridges are used - Assam
l) The state in which vallam is used by children to reach the school - Kerala
m) The state in which camel carts are used – Rajasthan
F. Select the best option:-
i) Which of the following work cannot be done by a pulley?
(a) Helping a trolley move across a river
(b) Helping a blind man cross the road
(c) Taking out water form a well
(d) Lifting bricks to a height
ANS- (b) Helping a blind man cross the road
(ii) You can reach school on a bullock-cart, if you have to
(a) cross a thick forest
(b) go over rocky footpaths
(c) move through snow
(d) move through green fields
ANS- (d) move through green fields
(iii) The jugad is made out of
(a) a motorcycle (b) planks of wood
(c) waste material (d) All of these
ANS- (d) All of these
(iv) Knee-high water is found after rain in
(a) Assam (b) Uttarakhand
(c) Dense forest (d) Ladakh
ANS- (a) Assam
(v) The transport used for going to school in .......... makes a phut-phut-phut sound.
(a) Uttarakhand (b) Kerala
(c) Gujarat (d) Northern hills
ANS- (c) Gujarat
(vi) Where do you see a "Jugad"?
(a) Bengaluru (b) Delhi
(c) Rajasthan (d) None of the above
ANS- (d) None of the above
(vii) Which animal is not used as a means of transport?
(a) Camel (b) Elephant
(c) Cow (d) Horse
ANS- (c) Cow
(viii) The bridges in early days were made of ..........
(a) cement (b) wood
(c) steel (d) bricks
ANS- (b) wood
(ix) Corporal punishment in schools should be ..........
(a) strict (b) compulsory
(c) optional (d) banned
ANS- (d) banned
G. Write 'T' for True and 'F' for False statements:-
A. We can ride a bicycle to go to school, if it can be reached by road. True
B. We can go to school on a trolley if the school lies across a river. True
C. We can ride a jugaad to reach school if it lies across green fields. False
D. We cannot reach school, if we have to cross a road bridge. False
E. We can ride a camel-cart to school through a thick forest. False
F. A camel-cart is generally found in deserts. True
G. It is easy to walk on snow. False
H. In hilly places, a trolley or ropeway is used to transport goods or people from one place to another. True
I. Brave children are taken out on elephants in the Republic Day parade. True
J. Trains can easily move over a bamboo bridge. False
H. QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS:-
1. What are the differences between a bamboo bridge and cement bridge?
-
Bamboo Bridge | Cement Bridge |
A bamboo bridge is made of bamboo sticks, ropes and poles. | A cement bridge is made up of bricks, cements and iron rods. |
A bamboo bridge is weaker than a cement bridge. | A cement bridge is stronger than a bamboo bridge. |
Less people can cross a bamboo bridge at a time. | More people can cross a cement bridge at a time. |
2. What are the differences between a bullock cart and a camel cart?
Bullock cart | Camel cart |
Bullock carts are used in plain areas in villages. | Camel carts are used in desert areas. |
Bullocks are used to pull the cart. | Camels are used to pull the cart. |
It moves slowly in green fields. | It moves on the sand in desert . |
3. How do children pass bamboo bridges?
- They hold their books in one hand and bamboo with the other hand. Then quickly cross the bamboo and rope bridge to reach school.
4. Which bridges may also have steps?
- Cement bridges may also have steps.
5. What is a vallam?
- Vallam is a small wooden boat used to reach schools in Kerala.
6. Why camel is called the ship of the desert?
- Camel is the only animal who can easily walk on the sand in dessert. People living in desert areas, travel on camel. So camel is called the ship of the desert.
7. Do you think it would be easier to walk on bamboo bridge in bare feet, or with shoes or slippers? Why?
- It is easier to walk on bamboo bridge in bare feet. Since barefoot with toes provides a better grip than shoes or slippers.
8. Find out where all you find pulleys.
- I have seen the using of pulleys at construction sites, to hoist flags, to drag water from wells and usually for lifting heavy objects easily.
9. What is a trolley? How it moves?
- Trolley is an open box made of wood attached with the iron rope.
- On both the sides the iron rope is tied tightly with strong trees or rocks.
- A pulley helps the trolley to move across the rope.
10. How 'Jugad' is made and why it is named so?
- The jugad has been made by using waste material.
- It’s called Jugad as the front part of a motorcycle is attached to wooden planks that are used to make a carriage at the back.
- The front looks like a motorcycle but the carriage at the back is made out of planks of wood.
11. When we go to school through a jungle, what sounds can we hear?
- We can hear the sounds of different birds and other creatures.
12. If we have to reach school by going through snow, what happens if the snow is soft?
- If the snow is soft, our feet sink into it.
13. If we have to reach school by going through snow, what happens if the snow is frozen?
- If the snow is frozen, we may slip and fall.
14. Who will face difficulty to walk on rocky path?
- The children who live in plain areas face difficulty to walk on rocky paths.
15. Who can easily cross the rocky path?
- Children living in mountains can easily cross the rocky path.
16. Where is a camel-cart used for going to school?
- Camel carts are used in desert areas like Rajasthan.
17. Name some boats.
- paddle boat, row boat, motor boat and house boat.
18. Name the ways by which we can travel on water.
- Transporting by ship, steamer, water scooter, raft, etc
19. Do you think that snow areas have snow all the time? Why?
- No, such areas don’t have snow all the time. It’s during the winters that these places are covered with snow due to low temperature.
- During the summer season, the snow melts as temperature gets higher.
20. By which ride the children can travel through the difficult roads by their own?
- By bicycle ride the children can travel through the difficult roads by their own.
21. Is punishment the only solution to misdeeds. Frame some rules for school that avoid misdeed without punishments.
- No, punishment is not the only solution to misdeeds.
- There are other methods like
- 1) Students who behave well, should be rewarded.
- 2) There should be mark allotted in the examination for not doing any misdeed.
- 3) Students should not bring costly items or money to the school.
- 4) Students must be punctual in attending classes.
- 5) Students should not be allowed to use motorcycles or cars to come to school. This is because most students drive carelessly, which may cause accidents.
- 6) No fashion accessories or casual outfits should be allowed. All students must come in neat and proper uniforms.
22. The names of some forms of transport age given below in jumbled form (in some, both words are jumbled). Write the correct name of the form of transport against each.
(i) eilccyb - bicycles
(ii) eamlc tarc – camel cart
(iii) eolrtyl - trolley
(iv) obambo reigbd – bamboo bridge
(v) aamllv - vallam
23. Which methods for going to school
(a) require the least effort? Going on buses, autorickshaw, motorcycles
(b) are the most dangerous? Bamboo bridges, trolleys
(c) require some skill or practice? Riding on Bicycles, walking on snow and rocky paths
(d) are the fastest? Going on buses, motorcycles
(e) involve going on roads? Going on bicycles, buses, motorcycles
24. In which mode of transportation
(a) use animals? Bullock cart, camel cart
(b) require the children to walk? Snow path, jungle path, rocky path, bamboo bridge
(c) require motorised or other type of transportation mechanism? Buses, motorcycles, jugaad, boats
(d) require the children to use own energy other than walking? Bamboo bridge, snow path, rocky path
THANK YOU
KEEP LEARNING KEEP GROWING
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