CLASS V // TWAU // SECOND CHAPTER // JOURNEY OF A RIVER
SUMMARY NOTE:-
A riddle on River :-
I
have no feet, but I travel far,
Through
fields and forests, under moon and star.
I
quench your thirst and help plants grow,
From
mountain to sea, I quietly flow.
Who
am I ? Answer - River
Godavari : Where It Begins and Flows:-
- Ø
Godavari starts in the Western Ghats at
Trimbakeshwar (Maharashtra).
- Ø It
flows through Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and
Odisha.
- Ø
After 1,465 km, it joins the Bay of
Bengal.
- Ø
Small rivers like Indravati, Sabari, and
Manjira join it, which are called its tributaries.
- Ø It
is the second longest river in India after river Ganga.
Importance of the River:-
Ø Provides
water for drinking, cooking, washing, irrigation, and factories.
Ø Helps
in farming (crops like rice, sugarcane, cotton, etc.).
Ø Supports
livelihoods like farming, fishing, and transport.
Ø Has
dams (e.g., Polavaram, Sriram Sagar Project) to store water and produce
electricity.
Problems Faced:-
Ø Dams:
provide water and electricity but cause displacement of people, animals, and
forests.
Ø Pollution:
waste, plastics, and chemicals harm water, fish, and people’s health.
Ø Floods:
heavy rains cause flooding, damage homes, crops, and roads.
Ø Droughts:
if rivers run dry, people and animals suffer greatly.
Conservation:-
Ø Avoid
wasting water.
Ø Plant
trees to prevent floods and soil erosion.
Ø Keep
rivers clean (avoid plastics, chemicals, and dirty water).
Ø Reuse
water (e.g., leftover clean water for plants).
Important points:-
Ø The Chenab
rail bridge in India is the highest railway arch bridge in the world.
Ø The Majuli
island in Assam is the world’s largest river island, formed by the
Brahmaputra river.
Ø Hirakud
dam in Odisha is one of the longest earthen dams in the
world, stretching over 25 kilometres.
Ø Ganges
river dolphin, India’s national aquatic animal, is
blind and uses sound to find its way in the water.
A. FILL IN THE BLANKS:-
a) The Godavari River starts in the Western Ghats at Trimbakeshwar.
b) The second longest river in India is Godavari.
c) The total length of the Godavari is 1,465 km.
d) The Godavari is also called Dakshina Ganga.
e) Small rivers that join the main river are called tributaries.
f) The Coringa Mangrove Forests are found where the Godavari meets the sea.
g) Rivers that flow all year round are called perennial rivers.
h) Polavaram Dam is one of the famous dams built on the Godavari.
i) People celebrate Godavari Pushkaram by taking a dip in the Godavari’s holy waters.
j) A dam stores water in a large water body called a reservoir.
k) More than 900 dams have been built to store the Godavari’s water.
l) In 2019, Chennai brought water using special water trains because its reservoirs dried up.
m) The national aquatic animal of India found in rivers like Ganga is the Ganges river dolphin.
n) The Sri Ram Sagar Project (SRSP) is built across the Godavari River in the Nizamabad district of Telangana.
o) Pench National Park is located in the state of Madhya Pradesh.
p) Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
q) Kawal Tiger Reserve is located in the state of Telangana.
r) The Polavaram Dam is located in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
t) The Majuli island in Assam is the world’s largest river island, formed by the Brahmaputra river.
u) Hirakud dam in Odisha is one of the longest earthen dams in the world, stretching over 25 kilometres.
v) Ganges river dolphin, India’s national aquatic animal, is blind and uses sound to find its way in the water.
B. Column Matching :-
Column A Column B
(iii) Godavari Pushkaram (c) A famous dam on Godavari
Ans : (i) - (b) , (ii) - (c), (iii) - (a), (iv) - (d)
C. Complete th, (iv) - (d)is analogy:-
a)
Godavari : Trimbakeshwar :: Ganga : Gangotri
b)
Perennial River : Flows all year :: Seasonal River : Flows only in
rainy season
c)
Tributary : Sabari :: Main River : Godavari
d)
Flood
: Excess water :: Drought : Lack of water
e)
Farmers : Crops :: Fishermen : Fish
f)
Plastic
waste : River pollution :: Fertilisers : Green blanket (algal
growth/eutrophication)
D. MCQs
1. The Godavari river originates
from:
a) Gangotri b) Trimbakeshwar c) Amarkantak d) Brahmagiri Hills
Answer: b) Trimbakeshwar
2. The total length of the Godavari
river is about:
a) 1,200 km b) 1,465 km c) 2,525 km d) 1,800 km
Answer: b) 1,465 km
3. Rivers that flow throughout the
year are called:
a) Seasonal rivers b) Tributaries c) Perennial rivers d) Delta rivers
Answer: c) Perennial rivers
4. The Coringa Mangrove Forests are
found at the:
a) Source of Godavari b) Middle course of Godavari
c) Delta of Godavari d) Near Nashik
Answer: c) Delta of Godavari
5. Small rivers that join a main
river are called:
a) Streams b) Branches c) Tributaries d) Distributaries
Answer: c) Tributaries
6. The Godavari is also called:
a) Uttara Ganga b) Dakshina Ganga c) Sindhu Mata d) Narmada Devi
Answer: b) Dakshina Ganga
7. Which of the following is a famous
dam on the Godavari?
a) Bhakra Nangal b) Sardar Sarovar
c) Polavaram d) Hirakud
Answer: c) Polavaram
8. When fertilisers flow into the
river, they cause:
a) Clean water b) Green blanket of plants
c) Less plant growth d) More fish breathing
Answer: b) Green blanket of plants
9. In 2019, Chennai faced severe
water scarcity and brought water using:
a) Tankers b) Boats
c) Water trains d) Pipes from
Bengaluru
Answer: c) Water trains
10. India’s national aquatic animal
is:
a) Hilsa fish b) Crocodile c) River dolphin d) Tortoise
Answer: c) River dolphin
E. Write 'T' for True and 'F' for False statements:-
a)
The
Godavari river is the longest river in India. (False)
(It is the second longest after the
Ganga).
b)
The
Godavari originates from Trimbakeshwar in Maharashtra. (True)
c)
Tributaries
are small rivers that join the main river. (True)
d)
The
Coringa Mangrove Forests are found near the source of the Godavari. (False)
(They are found at the delta, where
it meets the sea).
e)
The
Godavari is also called Dakshina Ganga because it flows through northern India.
(False)
(It flows through southern India).
f)
A
dam stores water in a reservoir. (True)
g)
Fertilisers
in river water can cause excessive plant growth, forming a green blanket. (True)
h)
Chennai
used special water trains in 2019 due to heavy floods. (False)
i)
(They
were used due to water shortage).
j)
The
Ganges river dolphin is blind and uses sound to find its way. (True)
F. Differentiate:-
1. Perennial rivers vs. Seasonal rivers :-
|
Perennial Rivers |
Seasonal Rivers |
|
Flow throughout the year (e.g., Godavari, Ganga). |
Flow only during rainy season when water is
available. |
2. Tributaries vs. Distributaries
|
Tributaries |
Distributaries |
|
Small rivers/streams that join a main river (e.g.,
Manjira, Sabari join Godavari). |
Small streams that branch out from the main river
and flow into the sea (form a delta). |
3. Dam vs. Reservoir
|
Dam |
Reservoir |
|
A large wall built across a river to block and
control its flow. |
The large water body formed behind the dam where
water is stored. |
4. Flood vs. Drought
|
Flood |
Drought |
|
Condition when a river overflows its banks due to
heavy rains, damaging homes, fields and roads. |
Condition when there is little or no rainfall for a
long time, causing water scarcity. |
5. Clean River vs. Polluted River
|
Clean River |
Polluted River |
|
Water is fresh, supports plants, animals, and human
use. |
Water mixed with waste, plastics, chemicals; harmful
for all living beings. |
|
Delta |
Source |
|
Landform where river spreads into streams before
entering the sea (e.g., Coringa mangroves in Godavari delta). |
Place where the river begins (e.g., Trimbakeshwar in
Maharashtra for Godavari). |
Very Short Answer Questions
Q1: Where
does the Godavari originate?
Ans: Trimbakeshwar in Maharashtra.
Q2: What
is the length of the Godavari river?
Ans: About 1,465 kilometres.
Q3.
Which is the longest river in India?
Ans
: The Ganga.
Q4:What
are small rivers joining a main river called?
Ans
: Tributaries.
Q5
: Name one tributary of the Godavari.
Ans
: Manjira / Sabari / Indravati (any one).
Q6
: Where does the Godavari end its journey?
Ans
: At the Bay of Bengal (forming a delta).
Q7
: What type of river is the Godavari – perennial or seasonal?
Ans
: Perennial river.
Q8
: What is the Godavari also called?
Ans
: Dakshina Ganga.
Q9
: Name one dam built on the Godavari.
Ans
: Polavaram Dam.
Q10
: Where are the Coringa Mangrove Forests located?
Ans
: At the Godavari delta, near the Bay of
Bengal.
Q11
: What festival is celebrated by taking a dip in the Godavari?
Ans
: Godavari Pushkaram.
Q12
: What problem occurs when fertilisers enter rivers?
Ans
: Green blanket of plants (algal bloom)
covers water.
Q13
: Which city used water trains in 2019 due to water shortage?
Ans
: Chennai
Q14
: Where is Brahmagiri Hill?
Ans
: Brahmagiri is in Western Ghats at
Trimbakeshwar in Maharashtra.
Ans : Some
fish like the hilsa (ilish) travel from the sea into rivers to lay eggs — a
natural wonder called fish migration.
Q16
: What are Water ATMs ?
Ans : Water
ATMs are special machines that give clean water when we put in a card or coin.
These steps help us use water wisely and protect it for the future.
Q17 :
What is the role of National Water Mission?
Ans : The
National Water Mission works to manage water properly and help people use water
wisely across India.
B. Short Answer Questions
Q1: Why
is the Godavari called Dakshina Ganga?
Ans: The Godavari is called Dakshina
Ganga because it flows through southern India and is considered sacred, just
like the Ganga in the north.
Q2: What are tributaries? Name two tributaries of the
Godavari.
Ans: Tributaries are small rivers that join a main river. Two
tributaries of the Godavari are Manjira and Sabari.
Q3: What is the difference between perennial and
seasonal rivers?
Ans: Perennial rivers flow throughout the year, e.g., Godavari.
Seasonal rivers flow only during the rainy season when water is available, e.g Subarnarekha.
Q4: Why do people build their homes near rivers?
Ans: People build homes near rivers because rivers provide water
for drinking, farming, washing, fishing, and transport.
Q5: What
happens to animals and people when dams are built?
Ans: When dams are built, forests and
land get flooded. People and animals living there are forced to leave their
homes and shift elsewhere.
Q6: What
problems are caused by floods?
Ans: Floods damage crops, homes, and roads, spread diseases, and
disturb transport and electricity supply.
Q7: How do fertilisers pollute river water? Ans: Fertilisers washed into rivers make
plants grow rapidly, covering the surface with a green blanket. This reduces
oxygen in water and kills fish.
Q8: Why is it important to save water?
Ans: Water is limited but essential for drinking, farming,
factories, and daily use. Saving water ensures it is available for people,
animals, and future generations.
Q9 : Name the states that Godavari flows through.
Ans : It
flows through Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and
Odisha.
Q10 :
Name a dam and a wildlife sanctuary along the length of Godavari.
Ans : Polavaram
Dam, Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary
Q11 : Name the states that Godavari flows through.
Ans : It
flows through Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and
Odisha.
Q12 : Where do people take dip in Godavari and during
which event?
Ans : In
Nashik people take dip in Godavari, during events like the Godavari Pushkaram.
Q13 : Where is India’s longest river bridge ? How long
is it ?
Ans : India
has built its longest river bridge, the Bhupen Hazarika Setu, over the
Brahmaputra River. It is more than 9 kilometres long.
Q14 : Where does Godavari end ?
Ans : When it
reaches the sea, it spreads out into many small streams that form a delta. Its
freshwater meets the salty sea there. This place is called the Coringa Mangrove
Forests, where its journey ends.
Ans : Ecotourism
means visiting natural places like forests, rivers or mountains to enjoy their
beauty, watch animals or birds, and learn about nature without harming the
environment.
Q16 :
List three ways in which people are dependent on the river Godavari.
Ans :
Ø It provides water to people in the
many towns and villages around it.
Ø It not only helps people drink, cook
and wash, but also helps them to grow food, and make things in their factories.
Ø Its water is carried in pipes and
canals, and shared to houses, schools and fields.
Q17 : In
which occupations are people engaged near the river Godavari?
Ans : People
near the river Godavari are engaged in Farming / Agriculture, Fishing, Animal rearing, Sand mining and boat
services etc.
Q17 :
Which crops do you see growing near the Godavari?
Ans : Near
Godavari crops that are growing are ice (paddy) – the most common crop, Sugarcane,
Cotton, Pulses and oilseeds, Fruits like bananas, grapes, and mangoes.
Q18 :
What do you know about Namami Gange
Programme ?
Ans : The
Namami Gange programme is helping clean the Ganga river so that it stays
healthy for people, fish and birds.
C. Long Answer Questions
Q1: Describe the journey of the
Godavari river from its origin to its end.
Ans:
Ø The Godavari originates at
Trimbakeshwar in Maharashtra in the Western Ghats.
Ø Along its way, it is joined by many
tributaries like Manjira, Sabari, and Indravati, which make it wider.
Ø The river travels about 1,465
kilometres through different states before reaching the Bay of Bengal.
Ø At its mouth, it forms a delta and
ends its journey in the Coringa Mangrove Forests.
Q2: Explain how rivers
like the Godavari support human life.
Ans:
Ø Rivers provide water for drinking,
cooking, washing, and farming.
Ø They help in irrigation for growing
crops and supply water to factories.
Ø Many people earn their livelihood
through fishing, boating, and agriculture near rivers.
Ø Rivers also hold cultural and
religious importance, as people celebrate festivals like Godavari Pushkaram.
Q3: What are the advantages and
disadvantages of building dams on rivers?
Ans :
Ø Dams store river water in reservoirs,
which can be used for drinking, irrigation, and generating electricity. They
also ensure water availability during dry seasons.
Ø However, dams flood forests,
farmlands, and villages. People and animals living there are displaced and
forced to move. Thus, while dams are useful, they also create social and
environmental problems.
Q4: How do human activities pollute
rivers, and what are their effects?
Ans :
Ø Waste from houses and factories,
plastic wrappers, and chemicals flow into rivers and pollute them.
Ø Fertilisers from farms also enter
rivers, causing algal growth or a ‘green blanket’ on water. This reduces oxygen
and harms fish and other animals.
Ø Polluted rivers make water unsafe for
drinking and can spread diseases among people.
Q5: What happens when
a river floods, and how can we stay safe?
Ans :
Ø When there is too much rainfall,
rivers overflow their banks and flood nearby areas. This damages houses, crops,
and roads, spreads diseases, and forces people and animals to leave their
homes.
Ø To stay safe, people should prepare
an emergency kit, move to higher ground, avoid contact with flood water, and
follow evacuation orders.
Q6 : How can we save/conserve
water at home ?
Ans : We can save water by doing small things every day.
Ø Use water efficiently. Do not waste
it.
Ø Turn off the tap while brushing your
teeth.
Ø Do not waste drinking water.
Ø Fix leaking taps with the help of
adults.
Ø Reuse clean water left from washing
fruits or vegetables in watering plants.
Ø Remind family and friends to save
water too.
D. Application/Thinking Questions
Q1: What would happen if it did not
rain for two years?
Ans:
Ø Rivers and lakes would dry up.
Ø Groundwater would reduce.
Ø Crops would fail, animals and humans
would suffer from thirst and hunger.
Q2: What would happen if all the fish
in a river disappeared?
Ans: The food chain would break. Birds and animals that eat fish would
suffer, and the balance of life in the river would be disturbed.
Q3: How does waxy coating leaves help
Lotus?
Ans:
Ø The waxy coating on leaves make them
waterproof and keeps too much water from getting inside the plant.
Ø This helps the plant stay healthy and
not get damaged.
Q4: Large number of living beings live
near water bodies. Why?
Ans : A large number of living beings live near water bodies because:
Ø Water is essential for drinking and
survival of all living beings.
Ø Water bodies provide food (like fish,
plants, and other aquatic organisms).
Ø They give a place for shelter and
breeding (frogs, turtles, birds, insects).
Ø Plants around water bodies grow well
and provide shade, fruits, and oxygen.
Ø Farmers use water bodies for
irrigation of crops.
Ø People use them for washing,
transport, fishing, and cultural activities.
Q5: What do you think happens to rainwater
in a forest compared to a city?
·
Ans
: In a forest:
o Rainwater falls on trees, plants, and
soil.
o It slowly seeps into the ground,
recharging groundwater.
o Forest soil absorbs water easily
because it is loose and full of roots.
o This prevents flooding and
keeps wells, ponds, and streams full.
·
In
a city:
o Most of the land is covered with cement,
roads, and buildings.
o Rainwater cannot seep into the ground
easily.
o It flows quickly on the surface,
causing waterlogging or floods.
o Groundwater does not recharge
properly, which later leads to water shortage.
So, rainwater in forests helps in recharging and storing water, while in
cities it often gets wasted and causes problems.
Ans : Yes, I can design a house/school that conserves water wisely. It
would include the following features:
Ø Rainwater Harvesting System
o Pipes on the roof to collect
rainwater.
o Storage tank to save rainwater for
daily use.
Ø Recharge Pits/Soak Pits
o Special pits in the ground where
extra rainwater can seep in.
o This helps in recharging
groundwater.
Ø Reuse of Water
o Water used for washing vegetables can
be used for watering plants.
o Leftover clean water can be used for
cleaning floors.
Ø Water-Saving Devices
o Taps with sensors or taps that close
automatically.
o Flush systems that use less water.
Ø Green Areas
o Planting more trees and grass around
to hold water.
o Gardens that use drip irrigation to
save water.
Ø Awareness Boards & Rules
o Posters like “Save Water, Save
Life” to remind everyone.
o Rules to switch off taps properly
after use.
Q7: What would happen if it did not rain in
your region for two years?
Ans: If it did not rain in my region for two years:
Ø Rivers, ponds, and lakes would dry
up.
Ø Groundwater would go down because
there is no recharge.
Ø Crops would fail, and there would be
shortage of food.
Ø People and animals would face water
scarcity.
Ø Trees and plants would dry, causing
loss of greenery and shade.
Ø It would lead to a drought-like
situation.
Ø Life would become very difficult
without enough water.
Q8 : How do trees help to protect flood
?
Ans : No
trees means water runs off the land faster and causes flooding. Trees slow down
rain water and help the soil soak up water.
Discipline is the key to success.
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