CLASS V // TWAU // FIRST CHAPTER // WATER: THE ESSENCE OF LIFE
SUMMARY NOTE:-
Importance of Water :-
- Ø Water
is essential for all living beings – humans, animals, birds, plants.
- Ø It
is used for drinking, farming, cooking, cleaning, and many daily activities.
- Ø Without
water, life on Earth is not possible.
- Ø Approximately
71% of Earth's surface is covered by water, and 29% is land.
- Ø Approximately
97% of Earth's water is saltwater (Marine), which is not suitable for
direct drinking or agricultural use.
- Ø The
remaining approximately 3% is freshwater, with most of it (2%)
locked away in glaciers, ice caps.
- Ø Only
1% of water is used for drinking.
Landforms:-
- Ø Landforms include mountains, valleys, plateaus, plains, islands etc.
- Ø A plain is a flat area on earth’s surface.
- Ø A plateau is a flat area higher than the land around it.
- Ø A mountain is a place on earth’s surface that is much higher than the land around it.
- Ø A valley is a low land area between higher lands such as mountains.
Forms of Water:-
Ø There
are three forms of water.
Ø Liquid – water, rain, rivers, lakes.
Ø Solid – ice, snow, glaciers.
Ø Gas
(vapour) –
steam, clouds.
Fresh water vs Marine water:-
Ø Most
water on Earth is salty or marine. (oceans & seas).
Ø Freshwater
is very limited (rivers, lakes, ponds, groundwater).
Ø Only
freshwater is fit for drinking, farming, and daily use.
Groundwater:-
Ø Rainwater
seeps into soil and rocks → becomes groundwater.
Ø Water
deep inside the ground is called Ground water.
Ø We
get it through wells, handpumps, borewells.
Ø Recharge
happens only if land is open (not cemented).
Surface Water:-
Ø Sources:
rivers, lakes, ponds, sea, ocean
Ø Rivers
flow from mountains to seas, following land shape.
Ø Example:
Some rivers flow into Bay of Bengal, some into Arabian Sea.
Life in Water:-
Ø Many
plants & animals live in water (fish, frogs, turtles, water snakes, lotus,
water hyacinth).
Ø They
have special features – fins, gills, floating leaves, long roots.
Ø Drinking,
bathing, cooking, cleaning.
Ø Farming
and industries.
Ø Transport
and electricity generation (dams).
Ø Cultural
and religious festivals near rivers.
Problems
Related to Water:-
Ø Scarcity
(shortage) in many places.
Ø Pollution
of rivers and lakes due to waste.
Ø Excess
water causes floods.
Water
Conservation:-
Ø Save
water at home (close taps, reuse water).
Ø Plant
more trees for groundwater recharge.
Ø Practice
rainwater harvesting.
Ø Do
not pollute rivers and ponds.
Important points:-
Ø Johads’ in
Rajasthan are traditional small earthen dams built to collect rainwater and
recharge groundwater.
Ø The salt
pans of Gujarat are vast flatlands where sea water is dried to collect
salt. It is one of the largest salt producing areas in India.
Ø Wular
Lake in Jammu and Kashmir is one of the largest freshwater
lakes in Asia. It helps regulate river flow to prevent floods.
Ø The Fishing
Cat, found in India’s wetlands, has partially webbed paws, making it an
excellent swimmer who dives for fish.
Ø The Keibul
Lamjao National Park in Manipur is the only floating
national park in the world. It is famous for its unique ‘phumdis’ (floating
islands) and the endangered Sangai deer.
Ø The
world’s tallest statue is the ‘Statue of Unity’ Water — The Essence of Life in India,
standing 182 metres tall.
Ø Open,
uncovered areas allow water to seep into the ground. Soak pits, ponds,
human-made lakes, and planting more trees help rainwater return underground.
Ø Hiware
Bazar in Maharashtra is a successful example of
a water-positive village. Local communities have contributed to its watershed
management and rainwater harvesting.
Ø The Luni
river, originating in the Aravalli Range in Rajasthan, is
the only major Indian river that does not drain into a sea. Instead, it ends up
in the marshy lands of the Rann of Kutch in Gujarat.
Ø India’s
first water museum — Jal Shakti Museum in New Delhi — celebrates
India’s water heritage and innovation, inspiring citizens to
conserve water.
1.
Most
of the Earth’s water is salty in nature.
2.
The continuous movement of water in nature is called the water
cycle.
3.
Water
exists in three forms – solid, liquid, and gas/vapour.
4.
Rainwater
that goes inside the soil and gets stored is called groundwater.
5.
Wells,
borewells, and handpumps are used to draw groundwater from the
ground.
6.
Water
droplets on a steel glass with ice come from the water vapour in
the air.
7.
Rivers
that start in the mountains finally meet the ocean/sea.
8.
If
there is no rain for many years, it may cause drought.
9.
The
plant water hyacinth floats on water and spreads quickly.
10. Kumbh Mela (or river festivals) and many
cultural events are celebrated near rivers.
11. The
water that flows on the surface of land and collects in lakes, rivers, and
ponds is called surface water.
B. Column Matching :-
Column A Column B
(iv) rain water (d) solid form
Answer : (i) - (b), (ii) - (d), (iii) - (a), (iv) - (c)
C. Complete this analogy:-
i. Ocean : Salty :: River : Freshwaterii. Ice : Solid :: Steam : Gas/Vapour
iii. Well : Groundwater :: Lake : Surface water
iv. Evaporation : Water vapour :: Condensation : Rain/Water droplets
v. Flood : Excess water :: Drought : Lack of water
vi. Fish : Fins :: Bird : Wings
vii. Water Hyacinth : Floating plant :: Lotus : Rooted floating plant
viii. Rain : Surface water :: Seepage : Groundwater
ix. Sun : Evaporation :: Clouds : Rain/Precipitation
D. MCQs
1. Most of the Earth’s water is –
a) Freshwater b) Saltwater
c) Groundwater d) Rainwater
Answer: b) Saltwater
2. Which of these is a source of
freshwater?
a) Ocean b) Sea
c) River d) None of these
Answer: c) River
3. The continuous movement of water
in nature is called –
a) Water balance b) Water cycle c) Water storage d) Water flow
Answer: b) Water cycle
4. What is formed when water vapour
cools down?
a) Ice b) Steam
c) Clouds and rain d) Fog only
Answer: c) Clouds and rain
5. Rainwater that seeps into the soil
is called –
a) Surface water b) Groundwater c) Seawater
d) Ponds
Answer: b) Groundwater
6. Which activity helps in
groundwater recharge?
a) Cementing roads b) Cutting trees c) Planting trees d) Polluting rivers
Answer: c) planting trees
7. Which plant floats freely on water
and spreads quickly?
a) Lotus b) Reeds
c) Water hyacinth d) Cactus
Answer: c) Water hyacinth
8. Which of the following is NOT a
form of water?
a) Solid b) Liquid
c) Vapour d) Metal
Answer: d) Metal
9. Which animal uses fins to swim?
a) Frog b) Fish
c) Bird d) Snake
Answer: b) Fish
10. If it does not rain for two
years, the region will face –
a) Flood b) Earthquake
c) Drought d) Tsunami
Answer: c) Drought
E. Write 'T' for True and 'F' for False
statements:-
a)
Most of the Earth’s water is salty and not fit for drinking. (True)
b)
Freshwater is unlimited and found everywhere. (False)
c)
Water
exists only in liquid form. (False)
d)
The water cycle keeps water moving in different forms. (True)
e)
Groundwater is collected by wells, borewells and handpumps. (True)
f)
Cemented roads help rainwater seep into the ground. (False)
g)
Trees and open land help recharge groundwater. (True)
h)
Rivers always flow in straight lines from mountains to seas. (False)
i)
Lotus and water lily have floating leaves with roots fixed in soil. (True)
j)
Water hyacinth is a slow-growing plant in water. (False)
k)
Flood is caused by excess water; drought is caused by shortage of water. (True)
l)
Fish have fins and gills to live in water. (True)
m) Oceans provide freshwater for
drinking. (False)
n)
The
water cycle includes evaporation, condensation, and precipitation. (True)
o)
Without water, life on Earth would not be possible. (True)
F. QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS:-
1. What are the differences between Ground water
and surface water?
-
|
Ground Water |
Surface Water |
|
Water deep inside the ground is called ground water. |
Water on the surface of the earth is called surface
water. |
|
We draw ground water using borewells, wells,
handpumps. |
Surface water is found in rivers, ponds, sea, lakes. |
Very Short Answer Questions
Q1: In
which three forms does water exist?
Ans: Solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (vapour/steam).
Q2: Why
can’t we drink ocean water?
Ans: Because it contains too much salt and is not fit for drinking.
Q3: What
is groundwater?
Ans: Rainwater that seeps into the soil and is stored underground.
Q4: What
is the continuous movement of water in nature called?
Ans: Water cycle.
B. Short Answer Questions
Q1: Name
two sources of freshwater.
Ans: Rivers and lakes (also ponds, wells, groundwater).
Q2: How do plants and trees help in groundwater
recharge?
Ans: Roots make the soil porous, allowing rainwater to seep into the
ground.
Q3: What
happens when rainwater falls on cemented ground in cities?
Ans: It cannot seep into the soil, so groundwater does not recharge
properly.
Q4: Give
two differences between animals on land and animals in water.
Ans:
Ø Land animals cannot breathe in water,
water animals can.
Ø Water animals have fins or gills;
land animals have legs or lungs.
C. Long Answer Questions
Q1: Why is freshwater important and
limited?
Ans:
Ø Only freshwater can be used for
drinking, farming, and daily needs.
Ø Freshwater is limited because most of
Earth’s water (about 97%) is salty.
Q2: Write the importance of water in our
daily life.
Ans:
Ø Drinking and cooking.
Ø Bathing and cleaning.
Ø Growing crops.
Ø Industries and electricity
generation.
Ø Transport and cultural activities
(festivals, rituals near rivers).
Q3: Explain the water cycle in your own
words.
Ans :
Ø Heat from the Sun turns surface water
into vapour (evaporation).
Ø Vapour cools to form clouds
(condensation).
Ø Clouds give rain or snow
(precipitation).
Ø Water flows back into rivers, lakes,
and seas (collection).
Ø This cycle repeats continuously.
D. Application/Thinking Questions
Q1: What would happen if it did not
rain for two years?
Ans:
Ø Rivers and lakes would dry up.
Ø Groundwater would reduce.
Ø Crops would fail, animals and humans
would suffer from thirst and hunger.
Q2: What would happen if all the fish
in a river disappeared?
Ans: The food chain would break. Birds and animals that eat fish would
suffer, and the balance of life in the river would be disturbed.
Q3: How can you conserve water at home?
Ans:
Ø We can close taps when not in use.
Ø Reuse water for plants.
Ø Store rainwater.
Ø Avoid wasting water while bathing or
washing.
Q4: How does waxy coating leaves help
Lotus?
Ans:
Ø The waxy coating on leaves make them
waterproof and keeps too much water from getting inside the plant.
Ø This helps the plant stay healthy and
not get damaged.
Q5:Why do you think most of the water on
Earth cannot be used for drinking or farming?
Ans : Most of the water on Earth cannot be used for drinking or farming
because:
- Ø About 97% of water is in oceans and
seas, which is salty.
- Ø Salty water is not fit for drinking
or growing crops.
- Ø Only a very small part (around 3%) is
freshwater, and most of it is locked in ice, glaciers, and deep underground.
- Ø The amount of freshwater available on
the surface (in rivers, lakes, ponds) is very limited.
Q6: Large number of living beings live
near water bodies. Why?
Ans : A large number of living beings live near water bodies because:
- Ø Water is essential for drinking and
survival of all living beings.
- Ø Water bodies provide food (like fish,
plants, and other aquatic organisms).
- Ø They give a place for shelter and
breeding (frogs, turtles, birds, insects).
- Ø Plants around water bodies grow well
and provide shade, fruits, and oxygen.
- Ø Farmers use water bodies for
irrigation of crops.
- Ø People use them for washing,
transport, fishing, and cultural activities.
Q7: What do you think happens to rainwater
in a forest compared to a city?
·
Ans
: In a forest:
o Rainwater falls on trees, plants, and
soil.
o It slowly seeps into the ground,
recharging groundwater.
o Forest soil absorbs water easily
because it is loose and full of roots.
o This prevents flooding and
keeps wells, ponds, and streams full.
·
In
a city:
o Most of the land is covered with cement,
roads, and buildings.
o Rainwater cannot seep into the ground
easily.
o It flows quickly on the surface,
causing waterlogging or floods.
o Groundwater does not recharge
properly, which later leads to water shortage.
So, rainwater in forests helps in recharging and storing water, while in
cities it often gets wasted and causes problems.
Q8: Can you design a house or school that conserves water wisely? What would it include?
Ans : Yes, I can design a house/school that conserves water wisely. It
would include the following features:
Ø Rainwater Harvesting System
o Pipes on the roof to collect
rainwater.
o Storage tank to save rainwater for
daily use.
Ø Recharge Pits/Soak Pits
o Special pits in the ground where
extra rainwater can seep in.
o This helps in recharging
groundwater.
Ø Reuse of Water
o Water used for washing vegetables can
be used for watering plants.
o Leftover clean water can be used for
cleaning floors.
Ø Water-Saving Devices
o Taps with sensors or taps that close
automatically.
o Flush systems that use less water.
Ø Green Areas
o Planting more trees and grass around
to hold water.
o Gardens that use drip irrigation to
save water.
Ø Awareness Boards & Rules
o Posters like “Save Water, Save
Life” to remind everyone.
o Rules to switch off taps properly
after use.
Q9: What would happen if it did not rain in
your region for two years?
Ans: If it did not rain in my region for two years:
- Ø Rivers, ponds, and lakes would dry
up.
- Ø Groundwater would go down because
there is no recharge.
- Ø Crops would fail, and there would be
shortage of food.
- Ø People and animals would face water
scarcity.
- Ø Trees and plants would dry, causing
loss of greenery and shade.
- Ø It would lead to a drought-like
situation.
- Ø Life would become very difficult
without enough water.
Slow and steady wins the race.
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